Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. It is typically characterized by low levels of hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal, which can lead to anemia and other health problems. Thalassemia can range from mild to severe, depending on the specific genetic changes involved. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes, and bone deformities. Treatment for thalassemia varies depending on the seriousness of the condition but may include blood transfusions, medications to help remove excess iron from the body, and in some cases, bone marrow transplantation.