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an ancient supercontinent that included South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula
- Gondwanaland was a massive landmass that played a significant role in Earth's geological history.
- Fossil evidence indicates that many plants and animals once shared habitats across Gondwanaland.
- The breakup of Gondwanaland led to the isolation and evolution of unique flora and fauna on separated continents.
- Antarctica, once part of Gondwanaland, had a more temperate climate before drifting to its current polar position.
- The Gondwanan remnants can be observed in similarities between the geology and fossils of the continents it comprised.