by - Definition & Meaning | Lingo Dictionary

通过, 由

used to show how something is done or achieved

The problem was solved by teamwork.
问题通过团队合作得到了解决。
He completed the project by working late.
他通过工作到很晚完成了这个项目。
The book was translated by using modern technology.
这本书是通过现代技术翻译的。
The issue was addressed by raising awareness.
这个问题通过提高意识得到了解决。
The goal was achieved by consistent effort.
目标是通过持续的努力实现的。

同义词：

乘

used to show the type of transportation used to travel

We are traveling by bus to the city.
我们正乘巴士前往城市。
He commutes to work by car.
他乘汽车通勤。
She flew by plane to New York.
她乘飞机飞往纽约。
They traveled by train across the country.
他们乘火车穿越了这个国家。
We took a short trip by boat.
我们乘船进行了一次短途旅行。

同义词：

以, 通过

used to indicate the extent or dimensions of a margin

He won the race by a large margin.
他以很大的优势赢得了比赛。
He beat his opponent by a landslide.
他以压倒性优势击败了对手。
The bullet missed her by a few centimeters.
子弹以几厘米之差错过了她。
The shot missed her by inches.
子弹差几英寸就击中了她。
His score was off by two points.
他的分数相差两分由。

由, 被

used to indicate the person or entity performing an action

The letter was delivered by the postman.
这封信是由邮递员送来的。
The decision was made by the committee.
决定是由委员会作出的。
The car was repaired by a skilled mechanic.
这辆车是由一位熟练的机械师修理的。
The speech was delivered by the president.
演讲是由总统发表的。
The contract was signed by the lawyer.
合同是由律师签署的。

同义词：

via through

由, 通过

used to introduce the term that is being explained or defined

What is meant by "courage"?
"勇气"是什么意思通过 ?
She clarified what was meant by "innovation."
她澄清了“创新”所指的意思。
What do you mean by "success"?
你说的「成功」是什么意思？
I don't understand what you mean by "luxury."
我不明白你说的“奢侈”是什么意思。
Could you explain what is meant by "democracy"?
你能解释一下通过“民主”是什么意思吗？

通过, 以

used to indicate the name or title by which someone is called or known

I know her by her nickname.
我通过她的昵称认识她。
He's known by his stage name.
他以他的艺名而闻名。
She is addressed by her first name.
她被用她的名字称呼。
They all call me by my middle name.
他们都用我的中间名称呼我。
He prefers to be called by his full name.
他更喜欢别人用他的全名称呼他。

由, 的

used to refer to the parent, other than the one speaking

He is their son by his first wife.
他是他们与他的第一任妻子所生的儿子。
The children are her offspring by her second husband.
这些孩子是她与第二任丈夫所生的子女。
Jason is his son by his third wife.
杰森是他与第三任妻子所生的儿子。
They had a daughter by their previous marriage.
他们前一段婚姻有一个女儿。
She is his daughter by his first wife.
她是他的第一个妻子所生的女儿。

由, 的

used to refer to the father of a particular animal, especially in terms of breeding

The foal is by a famous stallion.
这匹小马驹由一匹著名的种马所生。
This colt is by Goldfuerst.
这匹小马由Goldfuerst所生。
The racehorse is by a well-known sire.
这匹赛马由一匹著名的种马所生。
The filly is by a champion horse.
这匹小母马是由一匹冠军马所生。
This dog is by an award-winning pedigree.
这只狗来自获奖的血统。

通过, 由

used in expressions showing how something occurs

I heard by chance that she had moved.
我偶然听说她已经搬走了。
He won the game by luck.
他靠运气赢了比赛。
They arrived by accident while we were talking.
他们通过偶然到达，而我们正在说话。
The information came to me by surprise.
这个消息让我感到意外。
It happened by mistake, not intentionally.
这是由于错误发生的，不是故意的。

按, 以

used to specify the standard or unit used to evaluate or measure something

We are billed by the hour.
我们是按小时计费的。
The work was calculated by the minute.
工作量是按分钟计算的。
They charge by the day for lodging.
他们按天收费住宿。
The electricity is measured by the kilowatt-hour.
电力以千瓦时为单位测量。
The package is priced by the pound.
包裹是按磅计价的。

乘以, 乘

used in mathematical operations to show multiplication or division

Multiply 4 by 5 to get the result.
将4 乘以 5得到结果。
Divide 12 by 3 for the answer.
将12除以3得到答案。
I multiplied 7 by 8 to find the total.
我将7乘以8以找到总数。
The equation requires dividing 50 by 10.
这个等式需要用50除以10。
Multiply the number by 2 to double it.
将数字乘以2以使其翻倍。

通过, 按照

used to indicate continuous or sequential occurrence of an action or event

The temperature dropped minute by minute.
温度一分钟接一分钟地下降。
The storm intensified hour by hour.
风暴逐小时加剧。
His progress improved day by day.
他的进步日复一日地提高了。
Colors changed second by second.
颜色一秒接一秒地变化。
The tension grew bit by bit.
紧张气氛逐渐地增加。

按, 根据

used to show the basis for categorization or analysis

The data is broken down by region and age.
数据按地区和年龄细分。
The survey results were categorized by income.
调查结果按收入分类。
The statistics were organized by occupation.
统计数据按职业分类。
The population is divided by age group.
人口按年龄组划分。
The records were sorted by department.
记录按部门分类。

在...之前, 到...为止

used to show when something must be completed or occurs

The project must be finished by Friday.
项目必须在星期五之前完成。
The application is due by noon tomorrow.
申请必须在明天中午之前提交。
I need this report by the end of the day.
我需要在今天结束之前拿到这份报告。
Please submit the assignment by next week.
请在下周之前提交作业。
The sale ends by midnight.
促销活动在午夜结束。

同义词：

come

通过, 在...期间

used to show the time period in which something occurs

The lion hunts by night.
狮子在夜间狩猎。
He works by day and sleeps by night.
他白天工作，晚上睡觉。
She enjoys reading by night.
她喜欢在夜晚时阅读。
The birds are active by dawn.
鸟儿在黎明时分活跃。
We travel by day and rest by night.
我们在白天旅行，在晚上休息。

同义词：

during

旁边, 附近

used to show the proximity or position beside something

The park is by the river.
公园在河的旁边。
He stood by the window, watching the sunset.
他站在窗户旁边，看着日落。
The store is right by the train station.
商店就在火车站旁边。
She sat by her friend during the concert.
音乐会期间，她坐在朋友的旁边。
The sign was placed by the door.
标志被放在门的旁边。

同义词：

around next to in close proximity to off near next about

由, 根据

as judged, stated, or approved by someone or something

Anything he does is all right by me.
他做的任何事我都觉得没问题。
By my calculation, we are running late.
根据我的计算，我们迟到了。
I trust you by your judgment.
我根据你的判断信任你。
By my watch, it's almost time to leave.
根据我的手表，差不多该走了。
The decision was all right by him.
这个决定在他看来完全没问题。

同义词：

according to

通过, 由

used to express emphasis or frustration in a mild exclamation

By God, I didn't expect this outcome!
凭上帝，我没想到这个结果！
She's the kindest soul I've ever met, by all that's holy.
她是我见过的最善良的灵魂，凭一切神圣的。
That's the truth, by every saint in heaven.
那是真的，以天上所有的圣徒为证。
You've ruined everything, by the stars above!
你毁了一切，凭天上的星星！
By Jove, what a surprise!
以朱庇特之名，真是个惊喜！

通过, 由

used to show recognition or identification based on a description or appearance

He is known by his distinctive voice.
他以其独特的声音而闻名。
I recognize them by their accents.
我通过他们的口音认出他们。
She identified the suspect by his appearance.
她通过外貌认出了嫌疑人。
I can tell him by his posture.
我可以通过他的姿势认出他。
Most people know him by his laugh.
大多数人通过他的笑声认识他。

通过, 用

used to show the part of something that is physically handled or held

He grabbed the box by the handle.
他用把手抓住了盒子。
She held the cup by its rim.
她用杯子的边缘拿着杯子。
He took the rope by the end.
他从末端拿起了绳子。
She pulled the door by its knob.
她通过把手拉门。
He carried the suitcase by the strap.
他用带子提着行李箱。

通过, 由

used to express someone's occupation, origin, etc.

She's a teacher by profession.
她的职业是教师。
He is an actor by trade.
他以演员为职业。
They are artists by nature.
他们天生就是艺术家通过.
She is a doctor by training.
她通过训练成为一名医生。
He's an entrepreneur by choice.
他是一名企业家出于选择。

由, 为

used to indicate acting or doing something for someone else

A good leader always does right by their team.
一个好的领导者总是为他们的团队做正确的事。
The lawyer was just doing her job by her client.
律师只是在为她的客户做她的工作。
You should do right by your parents after all they've done for you.
你应该为你的父母做正确的事，毕竟他们为你做了那么多。
A true friend will always do right by you.
一个真正的朋友总会为你做正确的事。
I trusted him, but he didn't do right by me in the end.
我信任他，但最终他没有对我做对的事。

同义词：

on behalf of