Society

种姓, 种姓制度

The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status.

印度的种姓制度历史上根据出生、职业和社会地位将社会分为等级群体。

After losing his job, he experienced a deep sense of anomie and purposelessness.

公民教育, 公民学

Civics education is essential for fostering informed and engaged citizens who can participate effectively in democratic society.

公民教育对于培养能够有效参与民主社会的知情和积极参与的公民至关重要。

居民, 栖息者

The European starling, introduced in the 19th century, is now a familiar denizen of North American parks.

19世纪引入的欧洲椋鸟，现在是北美公园里熟悉的居民。

地球村, 全球村

The internet has transformed the world into a global village, allowing people from different continents to communicate instantaneously.

互联网将世界变成了一个地球村，让来自不同大洲的人们能够即时交流。

基层, 基层运动

Grassroots support from ordinary people is essential for the success of political campaigns.

来自普通人的基层支持对于政治运动的成功至关重要。

交叉性, 交叉性方法

Intersectionality acknowledges that individuals experience discrimination or privilege based on the intersection of multiple social identities, not just one.

交叉性承认个人基于多种社会身份的交集而经历歧视或特权，而不仅仅是一种。

他者化, 排斥

Othering often leads to the marginalization and dehumanization of individuals or groups who are perceived as different or inferior.

他者化常常导致被视为不同或低等的个人或群体的边缘化和非人化。

平民, 普通人

In feudal societies, commoners made up the majority of the population and typically worked as farmers, artisans, or laborers.

在封建社会中，平民构成了人口的大多数，通常作为农民、工匠或劳工工作。

低等的, 下级的

He felt that his position in the company was inferior to that of his more experienced colleagues.

他觉得自己在公司的地位比那些更有经验的同事低。

筹款活动, 慈善活动

The nonprofit organization organized a successful fundraiser to raise funds for humanitarian aid in disaster-affected areas.

非营利组织组织了一次成功的筹款活动，为灾区的人道主义援助筹集资金。

公共精神, 公益意识

Civic-minded individuals who volunteer their time and resources demonstrate a strong public spirit, contributing to the betterment of their communities.

有公民意识的个人自愿贡献他们的时间和资源，表现出强烈的公共精神，有助于改善他们的社区。

社会资本, 关系资本

Communities with high levels of social capital tend to have stronger bonds among residents, leading to greater resilience and support during times of adversity.

具有高水平社会资本的社区往往在居民之间有更强的联系，从而在逆境时期带来更大的韧性和支持。

Economic policies led to the marginalization of rural communities.

The villagers lived under the subjugation of a tyrannical ruler.

精英制度, 任人唯贤制度

Meritocracy rewards hard work over family connections.

精英制度奖励的是努力工作而非家庭关系。

母权制, 母系社会

In matriarchy, women lead families and communities.

在母系社会中，妇女领导家庭和社区。

The bishop was criticized for pluralism, overseeing three parishes at once.

The corporate world has historically been dominated by patriarchy.

Industrialization led to the stratification of urban society.

社会经济的, 社会经济

The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare.

该研究调查了医疗保健获取中的社会经济差异。

霸权, 统治

The colonial powers established hegemony over various regions, exerting control over both political and economic aspects of local societies.

殖民列强在各地区建立了霸权，对当地社会的政治和经济方面都施加了控制。

平等主义, 平等主义

Egalitarianism strives for a society where all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.

平等主义致力于建立一个所有公民都能平等获得教育、医疗和就业机会的社会。

民族中心主义, 倾向于根据自己文化的标准和价值观来评价和判断其他文化或群体，常常导致对自己文化或群体优越性的信念

Ethnocentrism can manifest in individuals who believe that their cultural practices are superior to those of other groups.

民族中心主义可能表现在那些认为自己的文化习俗优于其他群体的个体中。

散居, 分散

The African diaspora encompasses the global dispersion of people of African descent, resulting from historical events such as the transatlantic slave trade.

非洲侨民包括由于跨大西洋奴隶贸易等历史事件而导致的非洲裔人的全球分散。

仇外心理

The community's xenophobia was evident when they attacked a local business owned by an immigrant family.

当他们袭击了一个移民家庭拥有的当地企业时，社区的仇外心理显而易见。

乌托邦, 想象中的天堂

They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony.

他们梦想创造一个乌托邦，在那里每个人都和谐地生活。

The sect practiced millenarianism, expecting the imminent reign of Christ.